Loka is
a Sanskrit word for "world".
Contents
1 Jainism
2 Hindu Tradition
3 Budhism
3.1 Hindu Lokas
4 Theospy
5 Abhrahamic Religions
6 References
Jainism:-
Universe structure as told by Kevalins |
In Jain
Texts, universe is referred to as loka. Jain cosmology
postulates an eternal
and ever-existing loka which works on
universal natural laws, there being no
creator and
destroyer deity. According to the Jain Cosmology, the
universe is divided into three parts:
#
|
Lokas of Jain
cosmology
|
01
|
Urdhva Loka - the realms of the gods or heavens
|
02
|
Madhya Loka – the realms of the humans, animals and
plants
|
03
|
Adho Loka – the realms of the hellish beings or the
infernal
regions
|
Hindu tradition:-
Main articles: Urdhva Loka and Patala
Large scale structure of the Brahmanda (material sphere-like Universe) |
According
to Hindu cosmology, the universe contains 7
upper and 7 lower planes of
existence.
Map 2: Intermediate neighbourhood of the Earth according to one Hindu cosmology. |
Map 3: Local neighbourhood of the Earth according to one Hindu cosmology. |
In the Puranas and in the Atharvaveda, there are 14 worlds,
seven
higher ones (Vyahrtis) and seven lower ones
(Patalas), viz. bhu, bhuvas, svar, mahas, janas, tapas,
and satya above
and atala, vitala, sutala, rasātala, talātala, mahātala, patala a
nd naraka below.
The
scholar Deborah Soifer describes the development of
the concept of lokas as
follows:
The
concept of a loka or lokas develops in the Vedic
literature. Influenced by the
special connotations that a word
for space might have for a nomadic
people, loka in the Veda
did not simply mean place or world,
but had a positive
valuation: it was a place or position of religious or
psychological interest with a special value of function of its
own.
Hence, inherent in the 'loka' concept in the earliest literature
was a double
aspect; that is, coexistent with spatiality was a
religious or soteriological
meaning, which could exist
independent of a spatial notion, an 'immaterial'
significance.
The most common cosmological conception of lokas in the
Veda was
that of the trailokya or triple world: three worlds
consisting of earth,
atmosphere or sky, and heaven, making
up the universe.
#
|
Planetary system name
|
01
|
Satya Loka
|
02
|
Tapa-loka
|
03
|
Jana-loka
|
04
|
Mahar-loka
|
05
|
Svar-Loka
|
06
|
Bhuvar-loka
|
07
|
Bhu-loka
|
08
|
Atala-loka
|
09
|
Vitala-loka
|
10
|
Sutala-loka
|
11
|
Talatala-loka
|
12
|
Mahatala-loka
|
13
|
Rasatala-loka
|
14
|
Patala-loka
|
Buddhism:-
In early
Buddhism, based upon the Pali Canon and
related Agamas, there
are four distinct worlds: There is the
Kama Loka, or world of sensuality, in
which humans,
animals, and some devas reside, Rupa-Loka, or the world
of
refined material existence, in which certain beings mastering
specific
meditative attainments reside, and Arupa Loka, or
the immaterial, formless
world, in which beings to master
formless meditative attainments reside. Arahants,
who have
attained the highest goal of Nibbana (or, Nirvana),
have
unbound themselves from individual (limited) existence in
any form, in any
realm, and cannot be found here, there, or
in
between, i.e., they are found in
no Loka whatsoever.
Six Lokas
Main article: Six Lokas
In
the Tibetan and Tantric schools, "Six Lokas" refers to
a Bonpo and Nyingmapa spiritual
practice or discipline that
works with chakras and the six dimensions
or classes of
beings in the Bhavachakra. And in Buddhist
Cosmology kama
-Loka, Rupa-Loka, Arupa-Loka has
interpreted.
Theosophy:-
The
concept of Lokas was adopted by Theosopy, and can be
found in the writings
of Blavatsky and G. de Purucker. There
is also reference to kamaloka (world
of desires) as a sort
of astral plane or temporary after-life
state, according to the
teachings of Blavatsky, Leadbeater, and Steiner.
Abrahamic religions:-
The
Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam)
refer to
"seven heavens" and "seven earths"]
The Quran frequently
mentions the existence of
seven samaawat (سماوات), plural
of samaa'a (سماء), which is
customarily translated as
'heaven'. The word is cognate to
Hebrew shamayim (שמים).
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